Abstract
The objective of the present paper is to develop a methodology to inject strong wind gusts into the computational domain in order to efficiently simulate their effect on the fluid flow. The design of the methodology based on a source-term formulation takes the feedback effect of the resulting turbulent flow (and, if present, the impacted structure) on the wind gust itself into account. Since the injection of the wind gusts can be carried out close to the region of main interest, CPU-time intensive methods to ensure a proper transport of the gust through the flow field can be avoided. The methodology is mainly intended for the application within eddy-resolving simulations (e.g., LES), but it is not restricted to this class of simulation approaches. For the description of the gusts classical shape functions such as the Extreme Coherent Gust (ECG) and the Extreme Operating Gust (EOG) as well as a newly derived C2-”1-cosine” shape are applied. Two scenarios are taken into account to assess the proposed gust injection technique. On the one hand a (laminar) undisturbed flow field is considered and the effect of different time and length scales of the gusts on their evolution and propagation through the flow field is studied in detail. On the other hand a turbulent background flow is assumed demonstrating that the methodology suggested is also applicable for practically relevant turbulent flows.
Highlights
Singular wind events such as tornados, downbursts or wind gusts are of interest for meteorologists who are trying to analyze, understand and foresee such extreme phenomena (e.g., Feser et al, 2015)
The objective of the present study is to develop a methodology to efficiently inject strong wind gusts into the flow domain with the intention to be applied later on to fluid-structure interaction simulations
Based on the long-term goal of describing the effect of turbulent wind gusts on flexible structures in the context of coupled fluid-structure interaction simulations, an efficient method for introducing the gusts into the computational domain was developed in a first step
Summary
Singular wind events such as tornados, downbursts or wind gusts are of interest for meteorologists who are trying to analyze, understand and foresee such extreme phenomena (e.g., Feser et al, 2015). They have garnered the attention of engineers due to their devastating consequences on structures. An impressive example of extreme structural damages on wind turbines observed at a wind farm in 2011 was investigated in details by Hawbecker et al (2017). The facility including the structural design and analysis, its destruction and the wind environment during the storm are described in detail in Gross et al (2013). Wind tunnel measurements on the flow and the gust dynamics as well as studies on the modeling of these phenomena can be found in the literature (see, e.g., Gromke and Ruck, 2018; Kamimura et al, 2019; Tischmacher and Ruck, 2013)
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