Abstract
The pinewood nematode genome encodes at least three distinct acetylcholinesterases (AChEs). To understand physiological roles of the three pinewood nematode AChEs (BxACE-1, BxACE-2, and BxACE-3), BxACE-3 in particular, their tissue distribution and inhibition profiles were investigated. Immunohistochemistry revealed that BxACE-1 and BxACE-2 were distributed in neuronal tissues. In contrast, BxACE-3 was detected from some specific tissues and extracted without the aid of detergent, suggesting its soluble nature unlike BxACE-1 and BxACE-2. When present together, BxAChE3 significantly reduced the inhibition of BxACE-1 and BxACE-2 by cholinesterase inhibitors. Knockdown of BxACE-3 by RNA interference significantly increased the toxicity of three nematicidal compounds, supporting the protective role of BxACE-3 against chemicals. In summary, BxACE-3 appears to have a non-neuronal function of chemical defense whereas both BxACE-1 and BxACE-2 have classical neuronal function of synaptic transmission.
Highlights
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) plays a critical role in terminating nerve impulses by hydrolyzing the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine (ACh) in the cholinergic nervous system of most animals [1]
BxACE-1-specific fluorescent signals were detected in the nerve ring (NR) around the pharynx, where most sensory integration takes place, the putative ventral nerve cord (VNC), the preanal ganglia region (PGA) and the dorsal nerve cord (DNC)
BxACE-2 was detected in limited regions that were different from those expressing BxACE-1 (Fig. 1B)
Summary
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) plays a critical role in terminating nerve impulses by hydrolyzing the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine (ACh) in the cholinergic nervous system of most animals [1]. The sensitivity to various anti-cholinesterase inhibitors was much lower in BxACE3, showing unusual inhibition properties compared to typical neuronal AChEs. Based on these findings, it was hypothesized that BxACE-3 is not likely involved in postsynaptic transmission but rather has non-neuronal functions [17].
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