Abstract
Hexagonal manganites exhibit three distinct domain patterns: stripe, loop, and vortex. Due to the high ferroelectric phase transition temperature and the lack of reliable visualization methods, it is still a mystery about the evolution and the formation of vortex networks. In this study, we managed to capture the coexistence of vortices, loops, and stripes by accurately controlling the annealing temperature right at Tc. We proposed a merging process between the V–AV pair and the stripe, which result in two different forms of vortex networks, namely, the normal vortex and the zigzag vortex. In addition, the connection between the density of stripes and the orientation of V–AV pairs is analyzed, which are both influenced by self-straining of the crystal. The mystery of evolution of the vortex network is unveiled by capturing the snapshot, and the experimental database provided calls for more analysis to understand the evolution of different domain topologies.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
