Abstract
Due to rapid changes in climatic conditions worldwide, environmental monitoring has become one of the greatest concerns in the last few years. With the advancement in wireless sensing technology, it is now possible to monitor and track fine-grained changes in harsh outdoor environments. Wireless sensor networks (WSN) provide very high quality and accurate analysis for monitoring of both spatial and temporal data, thus providing the opportunity to monitor harsh outdoor environments. However, to deploy and maintain a WSN in such harsh environments is a great challenge for researchers and scientists. Several routing protocols exist for data dissemination and power management but they suffer from various disadvantages. In our case study, there are very limited water resources in the Middle East, hence soil moisture measurements must be taken into account to manage irrigation and аgriculturаl projects. In order to meet these challenges, a Smart Grid that supports a robust, reactive, event-based routing protocol is developed using Ad hoc On-Demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV) as a starting point. A prototype WSN network of 5 nodes is built and a detailed simulation of 30 nodes is also developed to test the scalability of the new system.
Highlights
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are part of a growing technology that has been designed to support a wide range of applications in wireless environments [1,2]
Routing overhead is minimized which is shown with the help of parameters Network Routing Load (NRL) and Routing Overhead respectively. The other parameters such as Packet Delivery Fraction (PDF), number of sent packets, number of received packets and number of route request packets sent (RREQ) shows a vast improvement in ant-Ad hoc On-Demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV). Another researcher [29] published a paper about AOMDV-PAMAC, they started their paper explaining that power consumption of nodes in ad-hoc networks is a critical issue because they operate on batteries, they suggested a new link layer algorithm knows as Power Aware medium Access Control (PAMAC) protocol is proposed which enables the network layer to select a route with minimum total power requirement among the possible routes between a source and a destination
Our event driven enhancements mean that our protocol increases the performance and makes it energy efficient as the energy consumption is considerably reduced for the nodes experiencing the rainfall and in general because we use the sleep mode when it is not raining
Summary
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are part of a growing technology that has been designed to support a wide range of applications in wireless environments [1,2]. In attempting to deploy a WSN successfully in these type of harsh environments and to ensure proper operation of sensor networks we need to resolve following issues. Resource limitations of the sensor nodes and unreliability of low-power wireless links [5], in combination with various performance demands of different applications, impose many challenges in designing efficient communication protocols for wireless sensor networks [6]. To achieve the robustness of wireless sensor network (WSN) this project will enhance the protocol to be an energy aware routing protocol to expand the life time of the nodes. We discuss in detail the design of a smart grid network that can provide all necessary physical parameters to be used in soil moisture and rainfall monitoring algorithms.
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