Abstract
The National Electric Energy Agency (ANEEL) of Brazil, in a bid to encourage energy-conscious energy consumption, has proposed a new sustainable energy tariff modality (the White Tariff) based on off-peak usage. This study aims to compare and contrast situations in which the White Tariff alone is used, and where it is combined with power generation from a generator set or a photovoltaic cell energy system to reduce energy costs. Furthermore, economic, environmental, and social advantages are outlined in the project summaries. Interviews and documentary analyses were conducted in a technology park that uses only the White Tariff and in condominiums that combine the White Tariff with a generator set or a photovoltaic cell system. The data generated was fed into the database of the Horosazonal software to obtain an overview of these companies. Results show that the company adopting the White Tariff alone achieved 19% and US$14,684 in annual savings. However, when the White Tariff is combined with a generator set, the smart grid project proved to be more efficient over time as it obtained an annual benefit of US$35,832 and 62.38% savings. In contrast, the smart grid project combining a photovoltaic cell energy system with the White Tariff achieved an annual benefit of US$52,712, with 68.31% savings and was 1.3 to 5.3 times more profitable than other projects, demonstrating that it was the best smart grip project studied. Furthermore, opting for the White Tariff produced advantages such as a reduction in energy consumption expenses, contributing to a reduction in power outages and blackouts, reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and boosting the company image within society. This study shows that energy-conscious consumption combined with the use of renewable energy sources is environmentally and economically advantageous and can provide future generations with a healthier environment in which people can make use of natural resources in a sustainable manner that is sustainable for planet earth.
Highlights
IntroductionThe fourth industrial revolution known as Industry 4.0 was carried out through the modernization of power systems to manage the increase energy consumption by integrating the energy systems of various countries [1]
The White Tariff is a way to encourage Brazilian consumers to migrate their energy consumption to off-peak hours, and it was noted that when adopting this tariff, a company achieved 19% economy and Unit Cost (US$)14,684 of annual savings
Tariff in a smart grid project shows that the company achieved an annual benefit of US$9940 and 17.31%
Summary
The fourth industrial revolution known as Industry 4.0 was carried out through the modernization of power systems to manage the increase energy consumption by integrating the energy systems of various countries [1] This has been achieved by using several modern technologies that allow control and monitoring by energy supply companies. According to Al-Turjman and Abujubbeh [2], power quality and reliability issues are significant challenges to both service providers and consumers in conventional power grids. Such peaks and falls in power supply may cause societal damage in the form of economic, material, or public health losses. Zhang et al [4]
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