Abstract
This paper presents a grid-tied, solar energy conversion-battery energy storage (BES) system with an autonomous control method for critical load applications. In order to improve grid current dynamics and ensure that balance power is exchanged as an active power with utility, direct current management of the voltage source converter utilizes least mean fourth method. The intermittent nature of solar photovoltaics also affects dynamics and power quality of grid current. A potential solution to such a situation evolves by using a bi-directional, DC/DC converter which interfaces an optimized-sized BES system with a DC link. Dual-loop DC/DC converter control keeps BES system charging and discharging current within pre-set limits and also simultaneously regulates DC link voltage. State-of-charge control gets incorporated through a dual-loop control to prevent BES from overcharging/deep-discharging. Dual-loop voltage control with harmonic compensation is used to manage load voltage amplitude and frequency in islanded mode. Auto-grid synchronization is realized by using a first-order, frequency-locked loop (FLL) technique. Using FLL also reduces dc offset, harmonics, and inter-harmonics even in distorted grid circumstances. The presented investigation also proposes a step-by-step controller parameter design procedure based on the frequency domain stability restrictions. Experimental results using OPAL RT-5600 validate the expected system response.
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