Abstract
Electrical energy management, or demand-side management (DSM), in a smart grid is very important for electrical energy savings. With the high penetration rate of the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm in modern society, IoT-oriented electrical energy management systems (EMSs) in DSM are capable of skillfully monitoring the energy consumption of electrical appliances. While many of today’s IoT devices used in EMSs take advantage of cloud analytics, IoT manufacturers and application developers are devoting themselves to novel IoT devices developed at the edge of the Internet. In this study, a smart autonomous time and frequency analysis current sensor-based power meter prototype, a novel IoT end device, in an edge analytics-based artificial intelligence (AI) across IoT (AIoT) architecture launched with cloud analytics is developed. The prototype has assembled hardware and software to be developed over fog-cloud analytics for DSM in a smart grid. Advanced AI well trained offline in cloud analytics is autonomously and automatically deployed onsite on the prototype as edge analytics at the edge of the Internet for online load identification in DSM. In this study, auto-labeling, or online load identification, of electrical appliances monitored by the developed prototype in the launched edge analytics-based AIoT architecture is experimentally demonstrated. As the proof-of-concept demonstration of the prototype shows, the methodology in this study is feasible and workable.
Highlights
Electricity is one of the most commonly used forms of energy in modern society
artificial intelligence (AI) across Internet of Things (IoT) (AIoT) architecture launched with an open and powerful cloud analytics platform is designed and implemented, which has assembled hardware and software to be developed over fog-cloud analytics for demand-side management (DSM) in a smart grid
IoT device layer, a fog layer, and a cloud layer [29,30]. In such a generic architecture, IoT data sensed and gathered in an IoT device layer are exchanged with a fog layer that allows for communication of IoT end edge devices, including edge gateways, with a powerful cloud analytics platform
Summary
Electricity is one of the most commonly used forms of energy in modern society. Consumer electrical energy demands are continuously increasing. During the last few decades rapid growth of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies has occurred. Modern IoT technologies have been developed and implemented for smart grids. A smart grid exploiting modern IoT technologies for a more efficient, reliable, and flexible traditional power grid upgraded in this revolution can be regarded as the key enabler that makes existing cities ready for tomorrow’s needs, including continuously increasing demands for electrical energy. A smart grid improves two-way communication between power utilities and consumers and opens new technical challenges, such as intelligent sensing and decision making.
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