Abstract
Although the hybrid power system that combines a photovoltaic cell and a lithium-ion battery is increasingly mature and practical, long-lifetime auxiliary power will be still needed in severe weather conditions. A small-volume hydrogen–oxygen fuel cell system based on the hydrolysis of NaBH4 is designed. The fuel cell system contains a tiny hydrogen generator, a hydrogen cleaner, and a small fuel cell stack consisting of three units in series. The relationship between the amount of catalyst and output performance is discussed. The long-time discharging results indicate that the fuel cell system has high power capacity. The compact design allows the fuel cell system to integrate the structure with a photovoltaic cell and lithium-ion cell and forms a hybrid power system with a small package. The power management circuit for these power sources without logic devices is designed and tested. The control strategy selects the photovoltaic–battery subsystem as the primary power source, and the fuel cell subsystem works as the backup power source to handle the circumstance when the energy stored in the battery is exhausted. The test results show that the power management system could switch the power supply automatically and timely under various emergency conditions, and the output voltage remains stable all the time.
Highlights
The wireless sensor network (WSN) is a useful network technology based on distributed wireless sensor nodes and plays an important role in many fields [1,2,3]
An the hybrid power system is finished on the platform, which includes a solar simulator, an oscilloscope, an electronic load, and digital form, which includes a solar simulator, an oscilloscope, an electronic load, and digital multimeters, as
A small-package button-shape lithium-ion battery is integrated in the power management system
Summary
The wireless sensor network (WSN) is a useful network technology based on distributed wireless sensor nodes and plays an important role in many fields [1,2,3]. The node system powered by renewable sources could break through the limited working lifetime issue of a traditional battery-powered node system, which greatly enhances the practicability of the WSN [4,5]. In the field of energy harvesting, solar power generation is the most mature and reliable method with the highest efficiency [12,13]. As a matter of fact, the illumination energy is time-dependent in an actual environment, and a secondary cell such as a lithium-ion battery is introduced to enhance stability. The hybrid application of the photovoltaic cell and lithium-ion cell has attracted a lot of attention
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