Abstract
An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time of flight mass spectrometry is used to identify 33 compounds in Notopterygii rhizoma and radix, after which a single standard to determine multi-components method is established for the simultaneous determination of 19 compounds in Notopterygii rhizoma and radix using chlorogenic acid and notopterol as the internal standard. To screen the potential chemical markers among Notopterygii rhizoma and radix planted in its natural germination area and in others, the quantitative data of 19 compounds are analyzed via partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS–DA). Depending on the variable importance parameters (VIP) value of PLS–DA, six compounds are selected to be the potential chemical markers for the discrimination of Notopterygii rhizoma and radix planted in the different regions. Furthermore, the Fisher’s discriminant analysis is used to build the models that are used to classify Notopterygii rhizoma and radix from the different regions based on the six chemical markers. Experimental results indicate that Notopterygii rhizoma and radix planted in the Sichuan province are distinguished successfully from those in other regions, reaching a 96.0% accuracy rating. Therefore, a single standard to determine multi-components method combined with a chemometrics method, which contains the advantages such as simple, rapid, economical and accurate identification, offers a new perspective for the quantification, evaluation and classification of Notopterygii rhizoma and radix from the different regions.
Highlights
Notopterygii rhizoma and Radix (NRR), ‘qianghuo’ in Chinese, is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) planted in the Sichuan, Gansu, Tibet and Qinghai provinces of China
The NRR planted in different regions are similar in morphological shape and difficult to distinguish accurately by the naked eye, leading to market confusion regarding NRR
Some methods developed for the quality control of NRR, include HPLC [4,5,6], GC–MS and HPLC–DAD–ESI–MS [7]
Summary
Notopterygii rhizoma and Radix (NRR), ‘qianghuo’ in Chinese, is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) planted in the Sichuan, Gansu, Tibet and Qinghai provinces of China. Molecules 2019, 24, 3574 number of Chinese prescriptions for the treatment of diseases since Ming dynasty. Since it is planted in different geographic regions, the composition and the clinical efficiency of NRR can demonstrate significant difference. The original producing area of NRR is Sichuan province, ‘Chuan qianghuo’, whose product is valued highly for its superior quality. It is essential to develop a simple, rapid, economical and accurate method to evaluate and distinguish the NRR planted in Sichuan or other areas. Some methods developed for the quality control of NRR, include HPLC [4,5,6], GC–MS and HPLC–DAD–ESI–MS [7]
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