A single site study to investigate the current prevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus antibody among substance use disorder patients in Hiroshima-Insufficient testing and diagnosis.

Abstract

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among drug users presents an important public health problem; however, little recognition and few approaches to address this issue in Japan. This study was conducted to investigate the current disease status by assessing anti-HCV antibody (Ab) seroprevalence among people who inject drugs (PWIDs) and people who use drugs (PWUDs) in Hiroshima, Japan. This study was a psychiatric single-site chart review in patients with drug abuse problems in the Hiroshima region. The primary outcome was anti-HCV Ab prevalence among PWIDs who underwent anti-HCV Ab testing. The secondary outcomes included the prevalence of anti-HCV Ab among PWUDs who underwent anti-HCV Ab testing and the proportion of patients who underwent anti-HCV Ab examination. A total of 222 PWUD patients were enrolled. Among these, 16 patients (7.2%) had records of injection drug use (PWIDs). Eleven (68.8%) of the 16 PWIDs received anti-HCV Ab tests, and 4 (36.4%, 4/11) were anti-HCV Ab-positive. Among 222 PWUDs, 126 (56.8%) patients received anti-HCV Ab tests, and 57 of these patients (45.2%, 57/126) were anti-HCV Ab-positive. The prevalence of anti-HCV Ab among PWIDs and PWUDs who visited the study site was higher than the general population, which was 2.2% among hospitalized patients between May 2018 and November 2019. Considering the World Health Organization's (WHO) elimination goal and recent advances in HCV treatment, patients with drug abuse experience should be encouraged to take HCV tests and consult hepatologists for further investigations and treatment if they are positive for anti-HCV Ab.