Abstract
Abstract Maxwell showed that light consists of electric and magnetic fields that oscillate in directions perpendicular to the direction of propagation. Associated with this picture of light as an electromagnetic wave is an important property—the polarization of light. The polarization of light is related to the direction of oscillation of the electric field in an electromagnetic wave. The polarization of a single photon and its counterintuitive behavior is explained. Based on this description of this simplest quantum system, a communication system that can allow perfect security is described. In this so-called BB-84 protocol, a key can be exchanged between two parties on a publicly accessible channel in such a way that an eavesdropper can be traced immediately. This almost magical communication system is based on the foundational ideas of quantum mechanics.
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