A single mRNA vaccine dose in COVID-19 patients boosts neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern

Marit J Van Gils,Alexander P.J Vlaar,Maartje Dijkstra,Meliawati Poniman,Tjalling Leenstra,Marianne Craanen,Jelle Van Haga,Alvin X Han,Leah Frenkel,Lonneke A Van Vught,Elke Wynberg,Rogier W Sanders,Irma Maurer,Suzanne Jurriaans,Marc Van Wijk,Jonne J Sikkens,Karlijn Van Der Straten,Nina De Jong,Jane Ayal,Clark Reid,Eric Moll Van Charante,Leeann Storey,Melissa Oomen,Brent Appelman,Anouk Verveen,Floor Cavdar,Hugo D.G Van Willigen,Thyra Blankert,Marleen Van Polanen,Romy Lebbink,Joost Hartman,Ertan Ersan,Annelou Van Der Veen,Neeltje A Kootstra,Joey H Bouhuijs,Laura Del Grande,Judith A Burger,Soemeja Hidad,Nelleke Koedoot,Marijne Van Beek,Tom Du Maine,Ivette Agard,Karel Van Dort,Agnes Harskamp-Holwerda,Marcel Jonges,Marije De Wit,Colin A Russell,Maria Prins,Anders Boyd,Agata Makowska,Godelieve J De Bree,Udi Davidovich,Gerben-Rienk Visser,Lizenka Van Der Meij,Annemarieke Deuring,Tom G Caniels,Dominique Loomans,Lara Kuijt,Joyce Van Assem,Joost Van Den Aardweg,Annelies Van Dijk,Hans Knoop,Ilja De Man,Ilja Bontjer,Amy Matser,Marga Mangas Ruiz,Khadija Tejjani,Maria Oud,Mette D Hazenberg ,A Van Nuenen ,Ayesha H.a Lavell ,Pythia T Nieuwkerk ,Bas J Verkaik ,Brigitte Boeser‐Nunnink ,Orlane J.a Figaroa ,A.s.f Lok ,Arginell F Girigorie ,Nina M C De Jong ,Marije Bomers

doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100486

Abstract

SummaryThe urgent need for, but limited availability of, SARS-CoV-2 vaccines worldwide has led to widespread consideration of dose-sparing strategies. Here, we evaluate the SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses following BNT162b2 vaccination in 150 previously SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals from a population-based cohort. One week after first vaccine dose, spike protein antibody levels are 27-fold higher and neutralizing antibody titers 12-fold higher, exceeding titers of fully vaccinated SARS-CoV-2-naive controls, with minimal additional boosting after the second dose. Neutralizing antibody titers against four variants of concern increase after vaccination; however, overall neutralization breadth does not improve. Pre-vaccination neutralizing antibody titers and time since infection have the largest positive effect on titers following vaccination. COVID-19 severity and the presence of comorbidities have no discernible impact on vaccine response. In conclusion, a single dose of BNT162b2 vaccine up to 15 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection offers higher neutralizing antibody titers than 2 vaccine doses in SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals.

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