Abstract

 A single series resonant converter has been designed to balance the voltage level of nowadays, battery operated vehicles and machine power tools are becoming popular due to their simple and compact structure, low operating and maintenance costs, moreover renewable energy utilization facility etc. In order to obtain the necessary operating voltage and current of these devices, many electric cells are combined together in series and parallel combination. A series battery balancing circuit can be used to improve the efficiency of each cell charging and discharging process and consequently increase the lifespan of it. A battery management system (BMS) needs an efficient balancing circuit. This paper presents a high-speed single LC-tank DC to DC converter based electric cell balancing schemes. Since the supercapacitors are equivalent of rechargeable battery; in this research two supercapacitors have been used instead of rechargeable batteries. The voltage balance has been maintained by charging and discharging the supercapacitors through a single LC-tank circuit. As a result, the overall voltage balancing time has been reduced and improved the circuit performance. Experimental result shows that the proposed balancing circuit can reduce the voltage difference between the two supercapacitors from 350 mV to 0 V in 284 seconds, which is less time than the existing system.
Highlights
The Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming an important field of business interest in the automobile industries, because of the high price of fossil fuel, economic and ecological issues [1]
The renewable energy sources are environmentfriendly, electricity can be generated by using this energy sources
The energy storage device (ESD) such as supercapacitors or batteries are playing a vital part in the hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), plug-in HEV and EV to microgrid [2,3,4]
Summary
The EVs (electric vehicles) are becoming an important field of business interest in the automobile industries, because of the high price of fossil fuel, economic and ecological issues [1]. Electric vehicles (EVs) use electricity without emitting the CO, CO2 and other gases, which will help in solving environmental and energy issues. Some small urban city and rural area are started to produce electricity by utilizing the renewable energy sources. They extracted the generated electricity by using microgrid system and charges their HEV and EV battery from the microgrid. EVs and many systems use rechargeable battery packs such as Li-ion, Lipo, NiCd etc. The excess charge of the higher energy cell is dissipated by the resistor in the form of heat and to make a balance with the weaker cell. The switching frequency of this circuit has been chosen same as the resonant frequency of the LC-tank circuit, so that, the charging or discharging time of the resonant can just to run half period of the resonant frequency.The proposed circuit uses fewer numbers of components which, makes the circuit simple, compact, faster and inexpensive
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