Abstract
Developing low-cost and simple electrochemical systems is becoming increasingly important but still challenged for multiplex experiments. Here we report a single-electrode electrochemical system (SEES) using only one electrode not only for a single experiment but also for multiplex experiments based on a resistance induced potential difference. SEESs for a single experiment and multiplex experiments are fabricated by attaching a self-adhesive label with a hole and multiple holes onto an ITO electrode, respectively. This enables multiplex electrochemiluminescence analysis with high sensitivity at a very low safe voltage using a smartphone as a detector. For the multiplex analysis, the SEES using a single electrode is much simpler, cheaper and more user-friendly than conventional electrochemical systems and bipolar electrochemical systems using electrode arrays. Moreover, SEESs are free from the electrochemiluminescent background problem from driving electrodes in bipolar electrochemical systems. Since numerous electrodes and cover materials can be used to fabricate SEESs readily and electrochemistry is being extensively used, SEESs are very promising for broad applications, such as drug screening and high throughput analysis.
Highlights
Electrochemistry deals with the interaction between chemical changes and electrical energy transfer.[1]
We report a single-electrode electrochemical system (SEES) using only one electrode for a single experiment and for multiplex experiments based on a resistance induced potential difference
SEESs for a single experiment and multiplex experiments are fabricated by attaching a self-adhesive label with a hole and multiple holes onto an Indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode, respectively
Summary
Electrochemistry deals with the interaction between chemical changes and electrical energy transfer.[1]. This enables simultaneous control of many bipolar electrode arrays with only two driving electrodes for multiplex experiments.[14,15,16] both traditional electrochemical systems and bipolar electrochemical systems require the use of electrode arrays for multiplex experiments It is time-consuming and expensive to make electrode arrays and/or electrode connectors, electrode arrays with many electrodes. New low-cost and simple electrochemical systems are required to overcome these limitations
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