Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an efficient and chemical-free technique for quickly assessing forage quality. However, calibration curves are usually validated for the forage of a single species, while few studies have reported on the forage of multiple species. Therefore, this work aimed to develop a broad system of calibrating curves by NIRS to predict neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and crude protein (CP) values from single and mixed forage. To accomplish this, single and mixed forage (32 forage species) were sampled over six years (2013 to 2019) from different regions of Santa Catarina state in southern Brazil. Forage samples were chemically analyzed for NDF, ADF and CP levels, followed by performing spectroscopy. Next, calibration curves were calculated as Second Derivative for NDF, First Derivative + Multiplicative Scattering Correction for ADF, and, Multiplicative Scattering Correction for CP. Approximately 200 sample forage, resulted in determination coefficient (R2) values of 0.94, 0.95, and 0.98 and validation values of 0.94, 0.95, and 0.97 for NDF, ADF, and CP, respectively. Thus, calibration curves were properly developed for quality assessment of single or mixed forage for multiple species, resulting in a chemical-free and time-saving tool for routine laboratory use.
Highlights
Correct management of pastures, including forage planning, will ensure the self-sufficiency of feed supplies for livestock (Monrroy, Gutiérrez, Miranda, Hernández & García, 2017)
The present study aimed to develop broad calibration curves by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict values of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and crude protein (CP) from single and mixed forage
The original spectral set (Figure 1) used to develop NDF, ADF and CP calibration curves presented similarity, even considering that these spectra referred to a diversity of forage species (n = 32) among the grass and legumes collected
Summary
Correct management of pastures, including forage planning, will ensure the self-sufficiency of feed supplies for livestock (Monrroy, Gutiérrez, Miranda, Hernández & García, 2017). Recent research focuses on feeding and nutritional requirements as part of pasture management (Modroño, Soldado, Martínez-Fernández & Roza-Delgado, 2017). An alternative method to assess feed quality is near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), which is recognized as quick, cheap, accurate, nondestructive and free of chemicals (Lobos, Grou, Hube, Saldaña & Alfaro, 2013; Frizon, Oliveira, Perussello, Peralta-Zamora, Camlofski & Rossa, 2015; Ramirez, Posada, Handa, Hoch, Vohland, Messier & Reu, 2015; Sánchez, Pérez-Marin, Torres, Garrido-Varo & De la Haba, 2017), whereas the conventional chemical method is timeconsuming and labor-intensive (Decruyenaere, Lecomte, Demarquilly, Aufrere, Dardenne, Stilmant & Buldgen, 2009; Monrroy et al, 2017). Even with a reduced number of insert measurements (105 samples), Parrini, Acciaioli, Crovetti and
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