Abstract
This article describes an investigation into interface bonding research of 316L/Q345R stainless clad plate. A three-dimensional thermal–elastic–plastic model has been established using finite element analysis to model the multi-pass hot rolling process. Results of the model have been compared with those obtained from a rolling experiment of stainless clad plate. The comparisons of temperature and profile of the rolled stainless clad plate have indicated a satisfactory accuracy of finite element analysis simulation. Effects on interface bonding by different parameters including pre-heating temperature, multi-pass thickness reduction rules, rolling speed, covering rate, and different assemble patterns were analyzed systematically. The results show that higher temperature and larger thickness reduction are beneficial to achieve the bonding in vacuum hot rolling process. The critical reduction in the bond at the temperature of 1200 °C is 28%, and the critical thickness reduction reduces by about 2% when the temperature increases by 50 °C during the range from 1000 °C to 1250 °C. And the relationship between the minimum pass number and thickness reduction has been suggested. The results also indicate that large covering rate in the assemble pattern of outer soft and inner hard is beneficial to achieve the bond of stainless clad plate.
Highlights
The stainless clad plate is a kind of layered structures generally made by bonding a stainless steel plate to another metal such as carbon steel or low-alloy steel plate
The surface temperature of the plate during rolling process was obtained using thermal imaging system. These measured temperatures were compared with the calculation results of the finite element analysis (FEA) model
The results indicate that higher pre-heating temperature is beneficial to achieve the bonding in vacuum hot rolling process
Summary
The stainless clad plate is a kind of layered structures generally made by bonding a stainless steel plate to another metal such as carbon steel or low-alloy steel plate. The second one was the bond criterion of stress.[14,15,16] Metals could be bonded as both materials being plastic stage and the normal pressure in the interface being up to or larger than the deformation resistance of harder layer material This criterion was adopted in this article because the normal stress and the flow stress of the interface at certain temperature and strain rate could be determined. The surface temperature of the plate during rolling process was obtained using thermal imaging system These measured temperatures were compared with the calculation results of the FEA model. The effects on interface bonding of different process parameters, including pre-heating temperature, multi-pass thickness reduction rules, rolling speed, and covering rate, were analyzed as follows.
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