Abstract

The use of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) in industrial environments is subject to problems, such as shadowing and fading. In addition, the wireless channel in many industrial environments is non-stationary for a long term, which can cause abrupt changes in the characteristics of the channel over time. A way to deal with those problems is the use of multi-channel protocols. However, it is difficult to evaluate, and compare different approaches because there is no reliable simulation model for industrial environments. This paper presents experimental results that characterize the wireless channel in industrial environments, and proposes a simulation model that captures the effects of fading, shadowing, and the non-stationary characteristics of the channel. It also considers the differences in the behavior of the different channels, and the asymmetry of the links. The model was integrated into the open source simulator Castalia. After the integration, two simulation studies were performed with the proposed model. In the first one, the Tree-based Multi-Channel Protocol was implemented and evaluated, and a comparison was made with the default model from Castalia. In the second case, CSMA/CA protocol, as defined in IEEE 802.15.4 standard, was compared to a protocol based on Time-Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) mode of IEEE 802.15.4e standard. The results showed that the use of TDMA and channel hopping is an alternative to deal with the problems of wireless channels in industrial environments.

Highlights

  • T HE use of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) to implement systems for monitoring and control in industrial environments presents some advantages, when compared to the use of wired networks, such as low cost and high flexibility

  • The results showed that static protocols are not adequate to implement Industrial WSN (IWSN), since they are not capable to deal with the variations that occur in the quality of the channels over time

  • This paper presented a reliable simulation model for multi-channel WSN in industrial environments

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Summary

A Simulation Model for Industrial Multi-Channel Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract—The use of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) in industrial environments is subject to problems, such as shadowing and fading. This paper presents experimental results that characterize the wireless channel in industrial environments, and proposes a simulation model that captures the effects of fading, shadowing, and the non-stationary characteristics of the channel. It considers the differences in the behavior of the different channels, and the asymmetry of the links. The Tree-based Multi-Channel Protocol was implemented and evaluated, and a comparison was made with the default model from Castalia. The results showed that the use of TDMA and channel hopping is an alternative to deal with the problems of wireless channels in industrial environments

INTRODUCTION
THE WIRELESS CHANNEL IN INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS
Fading in Industrial Environments in Long Term
NON-STATIONARY SIMULATION MODEL FOR IWSN
RESULTS
Evaluation of TMCP Protocol
CONCLUSIONS
Full Text
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