Abstract

The Saleh behavioral model exhibits high prediction accuracy for nonlinearity of traveling-wave tube power amplifiers (TWT-PAs). However, the accuracy of the Saleh model degrades when modeling solid-state power amplifiers (SSPAs) technology. In addition, the polynomial expansion of the Saleh model consists of only odd-order terms as analyzed in this work. This paper proposes a novel model accuracy enhancement for the Saleh amplitude-to-amplitude (AM/AM) model when applied to radio frequency (RF) SSPAs. The proposed model enhancement accounts for the second-order intermodulation distortion, which is an important nonlinearity challenge in wideband wireless communications. The proposed static AM/AM model is a three-parameter rational function, which exhibits low complexity compared to the state-of-the-art behavioral models. A transpose architecture of finite-impulse digital filter is used to quantify the memory effect in SSPAs. A least-squares method is used for extracting all the model parameters. A linearization technique using a three-parameter digital predistortion model is also calculated to compensate for the AM/AM nonlinear distortion in SSPAs. Finally, the identification and evaluation of the enhanced Saleh model is presented based on measurements of RF SSPAs.

Highlights

  • The rapid evolution of wireless communications requires high dynamic range radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers (PAs) to efficiently operate on high-amplitude fluctuations in modern digital modulation [1]

  • The AM/AM conversion of a gallium arsenide (GaAs) RF PA is measured by sweeping the input amplitude of a

  • These results show a model improvement of around 4dB normalized mean square-errors (NMSE) compared to the original Saleh model

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Summary

Introduction

The rapid evolution of wireless communications requires high dynamic range RF power amplifiers (PAs) to efficiently operate on high-amplitude fluctuations in modern digital modulation [1]. An accurate estimation of the model smoothness in the amplitude-to-amplitude (AM/AM) transition from the linear to the saturation regions has been a topic of interest in the state-of-the-art PA modeling [8,9,10,11,12]. This is because operating SSPAs near the compression region is often required for achieving high power efficiency and transmitting signals of high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) [13].

Enhanced Approach for SSPAs
Memory Modeling
Simplified
Modeling
Results
Evaluation Results
Measured
Results of of Digital
12. Constellation
Conclusions

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