Abstract
Alkali-silica gels or formations of late-developing Sample preparation and visual ettringite (delayed ettringite formation (DEF)) that fill examination sockets around aggregate particles may sometimes be observed by an optical microscope on unpolished or polished sawn concrete surfaces only as a ‘gel’ or as dark circles around the aggregate particles. They may thus be indistinguishable from each other. It has been found that the preparation of an unpolished or polished sawn concrete surface by carbon deposition (for SEM work) allows alkali-silica gel reaction and DEF to be distinguished by the nuked eye. However, X-ray elemental analysis recommended to confirm the visual observation.
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