Abstract
Heterotopic bone formation and fibrosis around the joint after any temporomandibular joint (TMJ) reconstructive surgery is a major problem. These complications are quite unpredictable and are of special concern in TMJ ankylosis surgery, and in multiple operated TMJs due to failed alloplastic and autogenous tissue joint reconstruction. Vigorous jaw physiotherapy, various autologous and alloplastic materials, radiotherapy,1 and some pharmacological agents have been used in the past to minimize these complications, with varying degrees of success.
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