Abstract
Road surface survey is critical for road engineers to determine the needs of maintenance and rehabilitation for both network and project level study. This paper reviews the road surface survey methods, including image based, photogrammetric and stereo-vision, and mobile mapping systems. The merits and demerits of each method are outlined. The goal of this study is to develop simple software for facilitating the generation of the necessary road surface and distresses maps using surveying data from different sources. The software output has compatibility with known CAD/GIS packages to widen its scope of applications. Methodologies, examples and demonstration related to the use of the developed software and laser scanning data in road mapping for a case study are described. The results showed the flexibilities of the developed software and the proposed method for generating the necessary maps and data for road distresses such as longitudinal cracks, transverse cracks, patch deterioration, potholes, and ravelling. However, the present work shows that using terrestrial laser scanning technologies for modelling the road surface has advantages such as surveying speed, big roads, highways and tunnels. Also it provides the safety for surveyors and the absence of a disruption to traffic. The developed software and methodology are suitable for universities, academic centres and are of great interest to small engineering firms for the generation of road surface maps.
Highlights
Road surface survey is critical for road engineers to determine the needs of maintenance and rehabilitation for both network and project level study
In the second step of data acquisition, laser scanning of the road surface for the case study was performed using the Imaging Station (IS-201) by Topcon Inc. (Hamzah, Said 2011; El-Ashmawy 2014; Topcon 2015). This total station (TS) scanner uses time-offlight measurement technology that is based upon the principle of sending out a laser pulse and observing the time taken to reflect from an object and return to the instrument
The results of the case study clearly show that RoadMap software can effectively provide convenient, economical and accurate mapping software for local roads mapping or many other potential contouring and sectioning applications
Summary
Road surface survey is critical for road engineers to determine the needs of maintenance and rehabilitation for both network and project level study. Determination of other types of distresses, such as bleeding, polished aggregate, and ravelling (SHRP 1990), are made during certain pavement condition surveys. Until the early 1980’s, the common methods of obtaining pavement distress information is by visual inspection of cracks and potholes which was done by a walking rating technician according to certain specifications. This method is called as the manual method and it represents the most widely used means of inspecting and evaluating pavements. This method is labour intensive, error prone, expensive, time consuming, tedious, sometimes dangerous, and it is subjective
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