Abstract
A rectangular membrane element with 12 freedoms is developed by defining a rotational freedom at each corner. If constrained to constant shear the element is found to be of comparable accuracy to the linear strain triangle. Using a simple extrapolation technique a convergence study is made of several membrane elements, including the new element, and all are found to experience difficulty in the representation of shear. Applied to two further problems the new element is found to give marginally better results than Wilson's bilinear membrane rectangle, which does not include the drilling freedom.
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