Abstract
In this article, a fast high-order volume surface integral equation (HOVSIE) formulas solver will be presented to fast calculate the wideband electromagnetic (EM) scattering of anisotropic medium-metallic composite objects. First, in the HOVSIE, the equivalence volume and surface current vectors are discretized by the high-order hierarchical vector basis functions (HVBFs), which can reduce unknowns and facilitate the calculation of the broadband EM scattering. Second, a fast wideband algorithm, i.e., the hybrid multilevel accelerated Cartesian expansion–multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLACE-MLFMA), is integrated to accelerate the matrix-vector multiplication in the iterative solution. Finally, in order to improve the iterative convergence, a simple overlapping domain decomposition method (ODDM)-based preconditioner is also employed in the proposed HOVSIE enhanced by the MLACE-MLFMA. Summarily, three advantages can be found here: 1) more flexible calculation of the wideband EM scattering; 2) less memory occupation; and 3) better iterative convergence. The accuracy, efficiency, and flexibility will be demonstrated in the numerical examples.
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