A simple model of the ice particle size distribution in noctilucent clouds

Abstract

A timescale analysis indicates that at noctilucent cloud (NLC) heights near 83 km, the growth and decay of ice particles and their transport by tide‐ and gravity‐wave‐associated vertical velocity components are the dominant processes that determine the particle size distribution. Other processes including sedimentation are of minor importance, so that the formation of NLCs should, in general, not depend on atmospheric conditions at the mesopause, in agreement with recent findings from simultaneous lidar and rocket experiments. Then a simple NLC model can be constructed consisting essentially of a partial differential equation which describes the temporal behavior of the particle size distribution in particle parcels moving with the wave‐associated air velocity. Contrary to previous ones, the present model yields a steady state oscillation within an integration time of 1 day because the optically active ice particles have lifetimes of a few hours only. NLC simulations yield particle concentrations, mean radii, and scatter ratios which are in good agreement with observational results. The model also predicts an occasional coexistence of small populations of optically active particles and large populations of microscopic particles, which may be of basic importance for the interpretation of recent observations indicating a more or less tight coupling between NLCs and simultaneously occurring polar mesosphere summer echoes.