Abstract

The original simple model for 4 f –5 d transitions [C.K. Duan, M.F. Reid, G.W. Burdick, Phys. Rev. B 66 (2002) 155108; C.K. Duan, M.F. Reid, J. Solid State Chem. 171 (2003) 299], which assumes a stronger exchange Coulomb interaction between 4 f orbitals and 5 d orbitals than the 4 f spin–orbit interaction, is extended to the case where the effect of the f (4 f for heavy lanthanide and 5 f for actinide ions) spin–orbit interaction is stronger than that of the exchange Coulomb interaction. The extended model is used to discuss the 4 f –5 d spectra of heavy lanthanide and actinide ions in crystals.

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