Abstract
The main aim of this study was to find an alternative method to type the urinary stones, which do not comply with the available method. For this study 100 stones were selected and were analysed by wet chemical method. The compositions of randomly selected 10 stones each among the stones typed based on the available and the new method were crosschecked by Fourier Transform infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) method. Among the 100 stones, 46 stones were of Category I [21 stones Uric acid/Urate, 13 stones Oxalate, 12 stones Phosphate] while five were of Category II stones. Rest 49 stones, which cannot be typed by the available method, were typed by considering the ratios between the characterizing and indicating anions. To type the Oxalate stones, Oxalate to Urate ratio between 16.8:1 and 67.7:1; Urate stones, Urate to Oxalate ratio between 0.7:1 and 101.7:1 and Non- infection Phosphate stones, Phosphate to Oxalate ratio between 0.4:1 and 24.4:1 were considered. Based on the newly proposed method majority of the stones were of Oxalate type (n=41). Based on both the methods of stone typing, of the total 100 stones, 54 stones were Oxalate type, 25 stones were Uric acid/Urate type, 16 stones were Non-infectious Phosphate stones and 05 were Infectious stones. The compositions of the randomly selected ten stones of each typed from the available and the newly proposed method were similar to the results obtained by FTIR method. This study indicated that, the new method could be used as an alternative method to type the stones.
Highlights
One hundred urinary stones collected from the Genitourinary Surgical Unit of Teaching Hospital, Jaffna were categorised based on Abdel-Halim et al.[17] and to the stones which cannot be typed an easy alternative method was suggested
The urinary stone No 21, which was typed as Oxalate stone based on the ionic composition obtained by wet chemical method contained Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate / Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate and when it was analysed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) method the results showed that the stone contained Whewellite and Weddellite 80 and Ammonium urate 20 (Table 4)
The results indicated that the new alternative method proposed in this paper is in good agreement with that described by Abdel-Halim, et al.[17] to type the urinary stones and with the results obtained with the FTIR
Summary
The chemical analysis is commonly known as wet chemical method and is one of the most widely used approaches for stone analysis. It can determine the presence of individual ions and radicals.[6,14] The wet chemical methods usually use the quantitative analytical methods for the analysis of chemical components in the blood and urine. The components analysed by these methods are used to calculate the amounts of chemical compounds present in the stones.[6,17]
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