Abstract
In designing a bolted joing, it is important to estimate the ratio of an increment of a bolt axial force to a load when the load is applied on an assembly, that is the force ratio. In this paper, in order to establish a simple method to calculate the force ratio of general bolted joints, the force ratios of circular and pipe flanges are discussed. For this purpose, at first, the force ratios of both joints are analysed by the three dimensional theory of elasticity. In the next place, replacing both joints by beams on elastic foudation, the force ratios are calculated. Moreover, s tresses produced in bolts when the load is applied are analysed. In order to verify the results, experiments are carried out. Both results are in a fairly good agreement. Thus it is shown that the force ratios of circular and pipe flanges can be estimated by this simple method.
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