Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major catechin present in green tea, presents diverse appealing biological activities, such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antiviral activities, among others. The present work evaluated the impact in the molecular profile of human plasma from daily consumption of 225 mg of EGCG for 90 days. Plasma from peripheral blood was collected from 30 healthy human volunteers and analyzed by high-throughput Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. To capture the biochemical information while minimizing the interference of physical phenomena, several combinations of spectra pre-processing methods were evaluated by principal component analysis. The pre-processing method that led to the best class separation, that is, between the plasma spectral data collected at the beginning and after the 90 days, was a combination of atmospheric correction with a second derivative spectra. A hierarchical cluster analysis of second derivative spectra also highlighted the fact that plasma acquired before EGCG consumption presented a distinct molecular profile after the 90 days of EGCG consumption. It was also possible by partial least squares regression discriminant analysis to correctly predict all unlabeled plasma samples (not used for model construction) at both timeframes. We observed that the similarity in composition among the plasma samples was higher in samples collected after EGCG consumption when compared with the samples taken prior to EGCG consumption. Diverse negative peaks of the normalized second derivative spectra, associated with lipid and protein regions, were significantly affected (p < 0.001) by EGCG consumption, according to the impact of EGCG consumption on the patients’ blood, low density and high density lipoproteins ratio. In conclusion, a single bolus dose of 225 mg of EGCG, ingested throughout a period of 90 days, drastically affected plasma molecular composition in all participants, which raises awareness regarding prolonged human exposure to EGCG. Because the analysis was conducted in a high-throughput, label-free, and economic analysis, it could be applied to high-dimension molecular epidemiological studies to further promote the understanding of the effect of bio-compound consumption mode and frequency.
Highlights
Tea, derived from the leaves of Camellia sinensis, is the second most consumed beverage in the world, losing only to water, with a growth rate of 4% per year, and with predicted sales values of around 7.9 billion US dollars [1]
It was observed that EGCG consumption affected the plasma Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, because samples obtained before EGCG consumption grouped together and apart from samples taken after 90 days of EGCG consumption on a Principal component analysis (PCA) score-plot
In order to quantify the impact of EGCG consumption on the plasma molecular profile, an hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and a prediction model based on PLS-discriminant analysis (DA) were developed
Summary
Tea, derived from the leaves of Camellia sinensis, is the second most consumed beverage in the world, losing only to water, with a growth rate of 4% per year, and with predicted sales values of around 7.9 billion US dollars [1]. All tea comes from the leaves of Camellia sinensis, but depending on the oxidation and fermentation techniques, four major types of tea (white, green, Oolong, and black) are known. Black tea accounts for 80% of production, whereas green tea makes up for almost the majority of the remaining 20% [2]. Due to green tea’s perceived economic value and health benefits, its production increased 5.4% over the last decade, with respect to an increase of only 3% for black tea. World tea production levels has a predicted yearly increase up to 2027, with 2.2% for black tea and 7.5% for green tea [2]
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