A Simple Indexing Approach to Classify the Groundwater Quality for Drinking and Irrigation Purposes in and around Koppal City, Karnataka State, India

Abstract

Advanced Mathematical Tool (AMT) is a user approachable, open source, result support tool for the appraisal and reporting of groundwater quality data. Groundwater quality of the selected regions needs great attention since it is the main water exporter for household and irrigation needs. In this study, the AMT like GWQI and IWQI were applied to monitor the suitability of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes respectively in and around Koppal city, Karnataka state, India. To attain aim of the work twenty five groundwater samples were collected from different places and the total 12 physico-chemical variables were carried out to monitor the suitability of groundwater for drinking needs. Total eleven parameters have been subjected to calculate the GWQI for drinking testes. The obtained results were compared with WHO guideline values. Also, seven variables were selected for irrigation testes for calculating the IWQI were selected. The results revealed that the ground waters of most samples were fit for drinking purposes according to WHO (AMT). However, the calculated GWQI for drinking propose showed that 16 % and 12% of samples are comes under poor category during pre-monsoon and monsoon respectively. 72 % and 80% are comes under permissible category and only 12 % and 8% of samples are comes under very poor category. For irrigation needs, most of monitored samples were acceptable for irrigation purposes (AMT). The computed IWQI showed that 15% of water samples were in excellent category and 85% were in good category.