Abstract
The breakdown of a delta wing leading-edge vortex is modelled as a transition from a straight unburst to a helical burst vortex structure. Applying continuity and rotational velocity constraints to the self-induced motion of a semi-infinite helical vortex results in a symmetry-breaking subcritical bifurcation from a straight to a helical vortex, at a critical swirl ratio similar to that given by conventional vortex stability analyses. The post-breakdown helix is of opposite hand to the circulation of the vortex, with a pitch directly proportional to the vortex strength, and has a stagnation point on the centreline. The model predictions are consistent with experimental data for helix pitch, inclination, radius, convection velocity, induced velocity and frequency content.
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