A simple, bed-side tool to assess evoked pressure pain intensity.

Abstract

Existing equipment for quantitative sensory testing is generally expensive and not easily applicable inaclinical setting thus simple bed-side devices are warranted. Pressure hyperalgesia is a common finding in patients withmusculoskeletal pain and an experimental model is delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS). DOMS ischaracterised by muscle hyperalgesia and some studies report facilitation of temporal summation of pain. This study aimed to detect DOMS induced muscle hyperalgesia and temporal summation of pain using a newly developed bed-side quantitative sensory testing device to deliver standardised pressure. Twenty-two healthy participants participated in two sessions with the second session approximately 48h after baseline. Pressure pain intensities were assessed from the gastrocnemius muscle with four probes calibrated to apply 2, 4, 6 and 8kg, respectively. Temporal summation of pain (10 stimuli delivered at 0.5Hz using the 6kg probe) intensities were assessed from the same location. DOMS was evoked in the gastrocnemius muscle by an eccentric exercise. Sleepiness and physical activity were measured with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire to investigate if they were associated with the quantitative sensory testing measures. Pressure pain intensity was significantly increased 48h after induction of DOMS when compared to baseline for all four probes (p<0.05). Temporal summation of pain was not statistically significant affected by DOMS and sleep quality and physical activity did not associate with any of the measures. This study introduces a simple, bed-side assessment tool for the assessment of pressure pain intensity and hence hyperalgesia and temporal summation of pain.