A simple approach to plane strain extrusion with dead metal zone using upper-bound theorem

Abstract

This paper treats the upper-bound approach to the problem of rigid-plastic deformation in case where the configuration of the deformation zone is previously unknown. The plane strain forward extrusion process with the so-called dead metal zone is analysed by assuming a simple velocity field. The calculations are carried out for the material with or without strain hardening or strain rate sensitivity and for various reduction ratios. The numerical results show that the region of the dead metal zone becomes smaller with the increase in the reduction ratio. The calculated punch forces agree with the experimental ones fairly well. Furthermore, it is found that the dead metal zone becomes larger with increasing the strain hardening as well as the strain rate sensitivity of the material.