A Simple and Low-Cost Strategy to Improve Conidial Yield and Stress Resistance of Trichoderma guizhouense through Optimizing Illumination Conditions.

Yifan Li,Qirong Shen,Degang Guo,Zhenzhong Yu,Xiya Meng,Jia Gao,Qiwei Huang,Reinhard Fischer,Jian Zhang

doi:10.3390/jof8010050

Abstract

Light is perceived by photoreceptors in fungi and further integrated into the stress-activated MAPK HOG pathway, and thereby potentially activates the expression of genes for stress responses. This indicates that the precise control of light conditions can likely improve the conidial yield and stress resistance to guarantee the low cost and long shelf life of Trichoderma-based biocontrol agents and biofertilizers. In this study, effects of wavelengths and intensities of light on conidial yield and stress tolerance to osmotic, oxidative and pH stresses in Trichoderma guizhouense were investigated. We found that 2 μmol photons/(m2 × s) of blue light increased the conidial yield more than 1000 folds as compared to dark condition and simultaneously enhanced conidial stress resistance. The enhanced conidial stress resistance is probably due to the upregulated stress-related genes in blue light, which is under the control of the blue light receptor BLR1 and the MAP kinase HOG1.

Highlights

IntroductionFungi adapt continuously to the ever-changing environment to survive in nature
Fungi adapt continuously to the ever-changing environment to survive in nature.Light, as one of the most common environmental cues, regulates various morphological and physiological processes of fungi [1]
We proved previously that in A. alternata white light regulates the expression of catalaseencoding genes [7]

Summary

Introduction

Fungi adapt continuously to the ever-changing environment to survive in nature. As one of the most common environmental cues, regulates various morphological and physiological processes of fungi [1]. In Aspergillus nidulans, red light stimulates conidiation (asexual development) and represses the formation of cleistothecia (sexual development) [2,3,4], whereas in Neurospora crassa and Trichoderma atroviride blue light promotes conidiation [5,6]. In the plant pathogen Alternaria alternata, blue and green light repress conidiation [7]. Sporangiophores of the zygomycete fungus Phycomyces blakesleeanus exhibit phototropism in response to blue light [8]. White light accelerates biofilm formation and melanin accumulation in A. niger [9]. Light responses vary from fungus to fungus

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion