Abstract
Canadian milkvetch (Astragalus canadensis) is a North American plant species in the legume family and some of this plant is fatally poisonous to livestock. The poisoning is attributed to the natural occurrence of notrotoxins, i.e., 3-nitropropanoic acid and 3-nitropropanol, present as aglycones and conjugated forms in the plant. Those compounds cause nitrite oxidization of hemoglobin and inhibition of cellular metabolism. To determine the toxicity of the plant, it is very important to develop an analytical method for the contents of the compounds in the plant. In this study, we have successfully developed an extraction procedure followed by HPLC-UV analysis to simultaneously analyze notrotoxins. The aglycones could be released from its conjugated forms in the freeze dried plant and extracted by water at room temperature. An HPLC-UV method using a Phenomenex Kinetex 2.6 μ F5 100 Å 100 × 4.6 mm column with pH 3.5 phosphonate buffer as mobile phase have been developed and validated for the detection of the two compounds at 210 nm. This developed procedure for the analysis of 3-nitropropanoic acid and 3-nitropropanol has proven simple and efficient and it has been successfully applied for batch sample analysis.
Highlights
Canadian milkvetch (Astragalus canadensis) is a native North American plant species in the legume family and can be found throughout many parts of Canada and the United States
The poisoning is attributed to the natural occurrence of toxic aliphatic nitro compounds, glycosides of 3-nitropropanol (3-NPOH) and glucose esters of 3-nitropropanoic acid (3-NPA) [2], including miserotoxin, cibarian, karakin, hiptagin, and free 3-NPOH and 3-NPA
The microbial β-glucosidase and esterase in the rumen could rapidly hydrolyze and liberate free 3-NPA and 3-NPOH from their conjugates in the in vivo experiment [12]. 3-NPOH was found to be released very quickly from miserotoxin when mixed with rumen fluid in in vitro experiments [13]
Summary
Canadian milkvetch (Astragalus canadensis) is a native North American plant species in the legume family and can be found throughout many parts of Canada and the United States. This plant could be potentially used as forage, Canadian milkvetch could be fatally poisonous to livestock [1]. Miserotoxin will release 3-NPOH, Cibarian, Karakin, and hiptagin and other esters of 3-NPA results in the formation of 3-NPA. Both 3-NPOH and 3-NPA have been found toxic to chicks, sheep, horses, and cattle [4]
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