Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a biological nitrogen removal process with attractive prospects, such as no carbon addition, less aeration, lower greenhouse gas generation, and lower sludge production. However, it is difficult to maintain a stable anammox process since the anammox bacteria have a slow growth rate and high sensitivity to many factors. Therefore, it is very important to analyze and maintain the anammox activity as a process indicator for its successful operation. The conventional method for measuring the concentration of nitrogen compounds, such as ammonium, nitrite, or nitrogen gas is inconvenient during the reaction time for specific anammox activity (SAA) analysis, which can result in an inaccurately determined SAA due to the substrate loss and temperature change. In this study, a respirometer was utilized to analyze the SAA. The SAA values from a respirometer (rSAA) showed a similar pattern to the SAA values (mSAA) from the conventional method. All of the SAA analyses showed the highest value at 35 °C with a granule size of <1 mm. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences regardless of the analysis method, since the p-values for the t-test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test were >0.05. Therefore, the respirometer can be used as a simple and efficient tool for SAA analysis. Moreover, the operating maintenance and management of the anammox process can be improved due to the simple SAA analysis in the field.
Highlights
The anaerobic ammonium oxidation process has several advantages over the conventional nitrification–denitrification process, such as no carbon addition requirements, less aeration, lower greenhouse gas generation, and lower sludge production [1,2]
This study evaluated a simple method for the determination of specific anammox activity (SAA) using a respirometer and applied it to investigate the effects of granule size and temperature on the SAA
SAA 0.449 ± 0.133 0.384 ± 0.083 0.197 ± 0.033 0.111 ± 0.022. These results showed that the SAA value could be calculated from the amount of biogas produced using a respirometer until the reaction was completed without analyzing the nitrogen compounds
Summary
Jaecheul Yu 1,2 , Yeonju Kim 3 , Jeongmi Kim 2, Soyeon Jeong 2, Seongjae Park 2 and Taeho Lee 2,*.
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