A signal-on electrochemiluminescence aptamer biosensor for the detection of ultratrace thrombin based on junction-probe

Abstract

A novel signal-on junction-probe electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) aptamer biosensor has been developed for the detection of ultratrace thrombin based on a structure-switching ECL-quenching mechanism. The ECL aptamer biosensor comprises two main parts: an ECL substrate and an ECL intensity switch. The ECL substrate was made by modifying the complex of Au nanoparticle and ruthenium (II) tris-bipyridine (Ru(bpy) 3 2+–AuNPs) on the surface of gold electrode (GE), and the ECL intensity switch contains three probes designed according to the “junction-probe” strategy. The first probe is capture probe (Cp) which was functionalized with a thiol group at one end and covalently attached to Ru(bpy) 3 2+–AuNPs modified GE through S–Au bonding. The second probe is aptamer probe (Ap), which containing 15-base anti-thrombin DNA aptamer. The third one is ferrocene-labeled probe (Fp), which was functionalized with ferrocene tag at one end. We demonstrated that, in the absence of thrombin, Cp, Ap and Fp will hybridize to form a ternary “Y” junction structure and resulted in a quenching of ECL of Ru(bpy) 3 2+. Whereas, in the presence of thrombin, the Ap prefers to form the G-quadruplex aptamer–thrombin complex and lead to an obvious recovery of ECL of Ru(bpy) 3 2+, which provided a sensing platform for the detection of thrombin. Using this reusable sensing platform, a simple, rapid and selective signal-on ECL aptamer biosensor for the detection of thrombin with a detection limit of 8.0 × 10 −15 M has been developed. The success in the present biosensor served as a significant step towards the development of monitoring ultratrace thrombin in clinical detection.