A signal amplification strategy for prostate specific antigen detection via releasing oxidase-mimics from coordination nanoparticles by alkaline phosphatase

Abstract

A novel signal amplification method for prostate specific antigen (PSA) is developed by freeing fluorescein with photoinduced oxidase-like activity from coordination nanoparticles (CNPs) in the presence of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). CNPs loaded with fluorescein (F@CNPs) are obtained in aqueous solution by self-assembly using Tb3+ as metal ion, guanosine monophosphate (5′-GMP) as ligand, and fluorescein as signal molecule. The F@CNPs display outstanding properties of simple synthesis, low cost, good water solubility, negligible leakage and satisfactory load capacity. Fluorescein is quantitatively encapsulated in CNPs with a binding ratio of 92.72%. Meanwhile, ALP can specifically hydrolyze the phosphate group of 5′-GMP ligand, triggering the destruction of F@CNPs and leakage of fluorescein. Fluorescein, a photoinduced oxidase mimic, can catalyze the oxidation of non-fluorescent Amplex UltraRed (AUR) into fluorescent resorufin under LED lamp. This strategy exhibits good sensitivity for ALP detection. In addition, a new immunoassay for PSA is validated by labelling ALP on PSA antibody. The low detection limit of 0.04 ng mL−1 in detecting PSA is appropriate for PSA detection in real samples. Therefore, the work not only establishes a new strategy for ALP and PSA determination, but also provides a new conception for putting photoinduced oxidase-like fluorescein in practical application.