A Short Total Synthesis of Benzophenanthridine Alkaloids via a Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed C-H Ring-Opening Reaction.

Abstract

The biologically important naturally available benzophenanthridines were prepared efficiently in three steps with overall good yields. A new synthetic methodology involving a rhodium(III) catalyzed redox-neutral ring-opening of 7-azabenzonorbornadienes with aromatic aldoximes is developed to synthesize the target molecules. The developed C-H ring-opening reaction is highly diastereoselective and compatible with various sensitive functional group substituted aromatic aldoximes as well as substituted 7-azabenzonorbornadienes. The ring-opening products were transformed into highly sensitive 13,14-dehydrobenzo phenanthridine derivatives by HCl hydrolysis. Subsequently, 13,14-dehydrobenzophenanthridines were converted into biologically important benzophenanthridine alkaloids in the presence of DDQ. A possible reaction mechanism was proposed for the C-H ring-opening reaction and supported by the deuterium labeling studies.