A Short-Term Low-Fiber Diet Reduces Body Mass in Healthy Young Men: Implications for Weight-Sensitive Sports.

Abstract

Athletes from weight-sensitive sports are reported to consume low-fiber diets (LOW) to induce acute reductions in body mass (BM). However, evidence supporting their efficacy is anecdotal. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effect of a LOW on acute changes in BM. Nineteen healthy males (32 ± 10years, 1.79 ± 0.07m, 77.5 ± 8.1kg) consumed their habitual diet (∼30g fiber/day) for 7 consecutive days followed by 4days of a LOW (<10g fiber/day) that was matched for energy and macronutrient content. Participants also matched their daily exercise load during LOW to that completed during habitual diet (p = .669, average 257 ± 141arbitrary units). BM was significantly reduced in LOW versus habitual diet after 4days (Δ = 0.40 ± 0.77kg or 0.49% ± 0.91%, p < .05, effect size [ES] [95% confidence interval] = -0.53 [-1.17, 0.12]) and on the morning of Day 5 (Δ = 0.58 ± 0.83kg or 0.74% ± 0.99%, p < .01, ES = -0.69 [-1.34, -0.03]). LOW resulted in moderately higher hunger (Δ = 5 ± 9mm, p = .015, ES = 0.55 [-0.09, 1.20]), a decline in stool frequency from 2 ± 0 to 1 ± 0 bowel movements per day (p = .012, ES = 0.64 [-0.02, 1.29]) and stool softness decrease (p = .005). Nonetheless, participants reported the diet to be tolerable (n = 18/19) and were willing to repeat it (n = 16/19). Data demonstrate for the first time that consumption of a short-term LOW induces reductions in BM.