Abstract
The present study evaluated whether flurbiprofen increased the naturally circulating dendritic cells (DCs) subsets in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) undergoing esophageal resection. Compared to healthy donors (n=20), the significantly depressed percentages of plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), CD1c+ myeloid DCs (mDCs), and CD141+ mDCs among ESCC patients (n=60) were confirmed. Flurbiprofen was administered before skin incision and at the end of operation in group F (n=30), as well as placebo in group C (n=30). The postoperative suppressed percentages of pDCs, CD1c+ mDCs, and CD141+ mDCs increased significantly following the perioperative treatment with flurbiprofen. Flurbiprofen also significantly stimulated the postoperative IFN-f and IL-17 production, but inhibited the immunosuppressive IL-10 and TGF-β levels. Furthermore, flurbiprofen exerted a similar analgesic effect and brought a significantly less sufentanil consumption compared to group C. Taken together, flurbiprofen provided a short-term increase of postoperative naturally circulating DCs in ESCC patients.
Highlights
Despite rare occurrence among peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), naturally circulating dendritic cells (DCs) display a strikingly strong ability in taking up, processing, and presenting pathogens or tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) to stimulate naive T cells and to induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) or helper 1 T cells (Th1)/Th17 polarization [1, 2]
CD1c+ myeloid DCs (mDCs) and CD141+ mDCs can be activated by a distinct set of toll-like receptors (TLRs), and subsequently secrete large amounts of cytokines IFN-γ www.impactjournals.com/oncotarget and IL-12 which allow the highly effective induction of CTLs and Th1 responses against tumor [11, 12]
In line with the defective quantification of DCs in esophageal carcinoma, fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) results in the present study displayed that the percentages of CD1c+ mDCs, and CD141+ mDCs among PBMCs in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients were significantly lower than healthy controls
Summary
Despite rare occurrence among peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), naturally circulating dendritic cells (DCs) display a strikingly strong ability in taking up, processing, and presenting pathogens or tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) to stimulate naive T cells and to induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) or helper 1 T cells (Th1)/Th17 polarization [1, 2]. The perioperative treatment with cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), alleviate postoperative pain and reduce opioid analgesics consumption, and enhance anti-tumor immunity, in T cell subsets and associated cytokines-dependent anti-tumor immunity [5, 6]. We investigated whether flurbiprofen increased postoperative naturally circulating DCs subsets in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) undergoing esophageal radical resection
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