Abstract
Current 4G - the fourth-generation wireless communication, which exists in most countries, represents an advance of the previous 3 generation wireless communication. However, there are some challenges and limitations, associated with an explosion of wireless devices, which cannot be accommodated by 4G. Increasing the proliferation of smart devices, the development of new multimedia applications, and the growing demand for high data rates are among the main problems of the existing 4G system. As a solution, the wireless system designers have started research on the fifth-generation wireless systems. 5G will be the paradigm shift that could provide with ultra-high data rate, low latency, an increase of the base station capacity, and the improved quality of services. This paper is a review of the changes through the evolution of existing cellular networks toward 5G. It represented a comprehensive study associated with 5G, requirements for 5G, its advantages, and challenges. We will explain the architecture changes – radio access network (RAN), air interfaces, smart antennas, cloud RAN, and HetNet. Furthermore, it discussed physical layer technologies, which include new channel modes estimation, new antenna design, and MIMO technologies. Also, it discussed MAC layer protocols. The article included three kinds of technologies: heterogeneous networks, massive multiple-input and output, and millimeter-wave. Finally, it explained the applications, supported by 5G, new features, various possibilities, and predictions.
Highlights
The mobile wireless communication was introduced with the first generation – 1G
In order to apply 5G architecture over existing wireless systems we need a proper understanding for the physical layer and some of it is concepts like understanding how mm-wave channel works, adaptive Beamforming and Massive MIMO system which we are going to discuss in this part of the paper
An Internet of Things (IoT) device is a simple piece of technology that has a small CPU, memory, display, communication and power and it is even more powerful when combined with large numbers of IoTs
Summary
The mobile wireless communication was introduced with the first generation – 1G It was the voice-only system, initiated in the 1980. There occurred a need for the technology to offer high speed data, which resulted in wireless communication evolving toward the third generation – 3G. The main requirements of this generation are: increase in wireless data rates, reduction in trip latency, high bandwidth, large number of connected devices, reduction in energy consumption and high battery life. Those vision and challenges encourages us to write more detailed article about the generation 5G wireless communication. In the rest of the paper, we will discuss about 5G architecture, physical layer, MAC layer and 5G applications
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