A Short Review on Blackleg in Ruminants

Abstract

Blackleg is an endogenous acute infection that principally affects ruminants. It is Clostridium chauvoei, anaerobic spore-forming bacteria, causes the disease, which manifests as an acute, localized inflammation of muscle tissue produced by development of the blackleg organisms. Although blackleg may occur at any time of year, more cattle are lost during the summer months. In recent years, the major virulence factors of C. chauvoei have been discovered and described. However, the pathogenesis of blackleg in ruminant, and in particular the pathogen’s movement from the place of entrance to the affected tissues is yet unknown. When outbreaks arise, it is prevented by vaccination; in the early stages of the disease, it is treated with antibiotics, most notably penicillin, which is an effective therapy for the condition. Control of this disease is based on strict husbandry methods and a vaccination program. The key virulence factors of C. chauvoei have been found and characterized in recent years. This review covers the most recent research discoveries that contribute to a better understanding of the disease and provides the basis for preventative efforts.