Abstract
The market of gas sensors is mainly governed by electrochemical, semiconductor, and non-dispersive infrared absorption (NDIR)-based optical sensors. Despite offering a wide range of detectable gases, unknown gas mixtures can be challenging to these sensor types, as appropriate combinations of sensors need to be chosen beforehand, also reducing cross-talk between them. As an optical alternative, Raman spectroscopy can be used, as, in principle, no prior knowledge is needed, covering nearly all gas compounds. Yet, it has the disadvantage of a low quantum yield through a low scattering cross section for gases. There have been various efforts to circumvent this issue by enhancing the Raman yield through different methods. For gases, in particular, cavity-enhanced Raman spectroscopy shows promising results. Here, cavities can be used to enhance the laser beam power, allowing higher laser beam-analyte interaction lengths, while also providing the opportunity to utilize lower cost equipment. In this work, we review cavity-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, particularly the general research interest into this topic, common setups, and already achieved resolutions.
Highlights
Sensors 2021, 21, 1698. https://Gas analysis in both industrial and civilian environments has always been important, yet gained more momentum in view of stronger environmental safety regulations due to climate change in recent years
Though multi-gas analysis is possible with these sensor arrays, these face challenges since the necessity of prior knowledge of the composition for the sensor to work properly is essential
To give an overview of cavity-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and its development, a study of this topic was conducted with Google Scholar
Summary
Sensors 2021, 21, 1698. https://Gas analysis in both industrial and civilian environments has always been important, yet gained more momentum in view of stronger environmental safety regulations due to climate change in recent years. Used gas sensors work electrochemically or are semiconductor-based. They are very sensitive on a specific analyte with a disadvantage of strong cross-sensitivities to other analytes. Multi-gas analysis is utilized with so-called electronic noses, which are used to detect odorous gases [1,2,3]. These noses are sensor arrays of electrochemical and semiconductor-based sensors, which are chosen according to the odours to be detected and its corresponding volatile organic compounds [4]. Though multi-gas analysis is possible with these sensor arrays, these face challenges since the necessity of prior knowledge of the composition for the sensor to work properly is essential
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