Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the second most common urologic malignancy after prostatic adenocarcinoma. UC comprises more than 90% of urinary bladder tumours. The intense research involving the different molecular aspects of bladder malignancies offers potential opportunities to improve understanding of bladder cancer biology; helps to identify disease earlier; and improves prediction of outcomes or helps targeted therapy. This review highlights the general concepts of the molecular features: molecular pathways for bladder carcinomas and molecular biomarkers for potential target for treatment of UC of the bladder. This discussion could improve the understating of pathogenesis as well as will provide new therapeutic modules, e.g., targeted therapy. This article is a review of bladder cancer genetics, focusing on molecular changes and their significance in the pathogenesis and progression of muscle invasive UC. Also, the relevant genetic biomarkers and their products, and new therapeutic targets and agents that are being developed are presented here.
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