Abstract
Eight sesquiterpene quinones: ilimaquinone (1), smenospongidine (3), smenospongiarine (5), smenospongine (7), and their corresponding 5-epimers 2, 4, 6, and 8, isolated from the Palauan marine sponge Hippospongia sp., were examined regarding their effects on TNF-α production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. 5-Epi-smenospongine (8) promoted the production of TNF-α to a level three times greater than the control at 10 micron, but compounds 1-7 did not show apparent activity. The results suggest that the cis-decaline ring and a primary amine in the benzoquinone ring are necessary for activity. This is the first study to report the modulation of TNF-α production by a sesquiterpene quinone.
Highlights
Marine sponges (Porifera) are well-known as prolific producers of bioactive metabolites
A sesquiterpene quinone, ilimaquinone, was reported in 1979 [1,2], and since related compounds have been obtained from several genera of marine sponge [3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
Compounds 3-8 increased the production of IL-8; we examined the effects of compounds 1-8 on the production of one of the most well-known and important inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine monocytic leukemia RAW 264.7 cells
Summary
Marine sponges (Porifera) are well-known as prolific producers of bioactive metabolites. A sesquiterpene quinone, ilimaquinone, was reported in 1979 [1,2], and since related compounds have been obtained from several genera of marine sponge [3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. Collected in Palau, and reported the effects of these compounds on the production of an inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-8 (IL-8), in tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (PMA)-stimulated human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells [10]. Compounds 3-8 increased the production of IL-8; we examined the effects of compounds 1-8 on the production of one of the most well-known and important inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine monocytic leukemia RAW 264.7 cells
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