Abstract
Residential buildings account for almost a quarter of the total energy use in Sweden and building owners are, therefore, under pressure from policy makers to improve the energy performance of their buildings. Building portfolio owners (BPOs) generally face multiple barriers in energy efficiency investments such as financial constraints and lack of knowledge of the current state when planning energy efficiency measures.This paper presents a method for cost-optimal scheduling of maintenance and retrofit measures on a portfolio level by drawing on research on building stock modeling and maintenance retrofit planning. The method uses a building stock modeling approach to model costs, energy and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG)of a building portfolio and combines this with a method for optimal maintenance and retrofit scheduling in order to forecast and optimize the timing of measures on a building portfolio level. This enables the integrated long-term planning on retrofit investments and reduction of energy demand and GHG emissions for a portfolio of existing buildings.The application to the building portfolio of the municipal housing company of Gothenburg showed that by optimizing the maintenance and retrofit plans, ambitious retrofit measures can be introduced in the majority of the buildings with a positive effect on the service-life cycle costs. Moreover, the method is easily transferable to other building portfolios in Sweden as it builds up on nationally available data sets but is ideally complemented and verified using inspection data and existing maintenance plans of the BPOs in future applications.
Highlights
Residential buildings account for almost a quarter of the total energy use in Sweden [1] and the European Union [2]
Since 97% of the buildings are connected to a district heating network, which has a low emission factor, despite the relatively poor energy performance the greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) emission intensity levels are considerably lower than the average EU level
In this paper we demonstrate the effect of taking a service-life cycle perspective to the planning and scheduling of maintenance and retrofit measures on a portfolio level by combing the maintenance and renovation scheduling (MARS) method with a building stock models (BSMs) approach
Summary
Residential buildings account for almost a quarter of the total energy use in Sweden [1] and the European Union [2]. This sector, plays an important part in achieving the 2050 energy and climate objectives both in Sweden and Europe. A large share of this stock is old and in need of extensive maintenance and renovation measures. This presents a unique opportunity for implementation of energy efficiency measures at marginal costs
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