Abstract
We have studied surface reconstructions induced by submonolayer Ca adsorption on a Si(111) surface using reflection-high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). With increase of Ca coverage at substrate temperatures above 550°C, the RHEED pattern changed successively: clean 7×7→3×1→5×1→7×1→2×1. The 3×1 pattern transformed into a 3ד2” pattern including half-order streaks by cooling down to room temperature. The STM images of these reconstructions commonly showed striped structures with the periodicities corresponding to the RHEED patterns. Each stripe in the 3ד2”, 5×1, 7×1, and 2×1 structures is composed of several rows. The twofold periodicity along the stripes of the 3ד2” phase was observed in filled-state images as well as in empty-state ones; simple protrusions are arranged with the double periodicity in the empty-state image, while a dimerization of small protrusions occurs along the stripes in the filled-state image. From these results, atomic structure models for these Ca-induced reconstructions are suggested.
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