Abstract
In this study, a facile sensor based on TiO2 nanoparticles modified carbon paste electrode was developed for voltammetric determination of pramipexole in pharmaceutical formulations and biological samples. Surface of the fabricated electrode have been characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the modified electrode was exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activities and a sensitive oxidation peak at 0.9 V in the phosphate solution of pH 5.0 for electrooxidation of pramipexole. The plot of pH vs. Ep generated a slope of 62.5 mV per pH in the pH range of 3.0-13.0 indicating the contribution of an equal number of electrons and protons in the electrode process. A differential pulse voltammetry method was developed in the concentration range of 0.46-100 μmol L-1 with a limit of detection of 0.14 μmol L-1. The proposed method is simple, rapid, and inexpensive and also showed good selectivity and sensitivity toward pramipexole.
Highlights
Parkinson’s disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder disease; it affects few parts of the brain which controls vital muscle movement
After addition of TiO2NPs to the carbon paste, it can be seen that the spherical form of TiO2NPs with ca. 20-30 nm diameter was completely distributed on the surface of the modified electrode, indicating that the TiO2NPs was successfully incorporated into the carbon paste electrodes (CPEs)
Observation of intensive peaks related to the electron transmissions of titanium, oxygen and carbon demonstrates the presence of TiO2NPs on the surface and between layers of graphite
Summary
Parkinson’s disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder disease; it affects few parts of the brain which controls vital muscle movement. Pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate (PRX) is a widely preferred drug for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, since it has a direct activity on the central nervous system.[1] PRX, chemically known as (6S)-N6-propyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro1,3-benzothiazole-2,6-diamine, is a dopaminergic agonist drug and the chemical structure is shown in Scheme 1. In the field of analytical chemistry, electrochemical methods have been widely attracted due to higher reliability, simplicity, rapid detection, high sensitivity and possibility of miniaturization.[13] Metal nanoparticles are very increasingly used for the electrode modification due to their extraordinary catalytic activities over corresponding
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