A sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for determination biomarkers of monoamine neurotransmitter disorders in cerebrospinal fluid

Abstract

BackgroundCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) monoamine neurotransmitters, their precursors and metabolites are essential biomarkers in the diagnosis and follow-up of monoamine neurotransmitter disorders (MNDs). However, their extra low concentrations and potential instability challenge the detection method. Here, we present a method that enables simultaneous quantification of these biomarkers. MethodWith propyl chloroformate /n-propanol, 16 biomarkers in 50 μL of CSF were derivatized in situ within seconds under an ambient temperature. The derivatives were extracted by ethyl acetate and separated by a reverse phase column followed by mass spectrometric detection. The method was fully validated. Optimal conditions for standard solution preparation and storage, as well as CSF sample handling, were investigated. CSF samples from 200 controls and 16 patients were analyzed. ResultsThe derivatization reaction stabilized biomarkers and increased sensitivity. Most biomarkers were quantifiable in concentrations between 0.02 and 0.50 nmol/L that were sufficient to measure their endogenous concentrations. The intra- and inter-day imprecision were < 15% for most analytes, and accuracy ranged from 90.3% to 111.6%. The stability study showed that standard stock solutions were stable at −80 °C for six years when prepared in the protection solutions; Analytes in CSF samples were stable for 24 h on wet ice and at least two years at −80 °C; But repeated freeze-thaw should be avoided. With this method, age-dependent reference intervals for each biomarker in the pediatric population were established. Patients with MNDs were successfully identified. ConclusionThe developed method is valuable for MNDs diagnosis and research, benefiting from its advantages of sensitivity, comprehensiveness, and high throughput.