Abstract
In the present study, lead titanate nano-sized powders were synthesized using citric acid gel method. The nanopowders were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Then, a nanocomposite system based on lead titanate nanopowders and carbon paste electrode (CPE) was designed and applied for determination of pentoxifylline (PTX). The prepared nanostructured electrode exhibited voltammetric responses with high sensitivity and selectivity for PTX and a detection limit of 2.1 nM was achieved. Finally, the proposed method was used for analysis of PTX in environmental and biological samples with satisfactory results.Graphical abstract
Highlights
Nanostructured materials, because of their important characteristics have been the focus of serious interest for the last decade world-wide
The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the nanopowders were recorded by a Model PI TS 3003 of SEIFERT diffractometer using Cu Kα radiation (k = 1.5418 Å) to examine the crystallization and structural properties of PbTiO3
The structural studies of the samples was investigated using XRD pattern of the P bTiO3 nanopowders calcined at 500 °C and 550 °C
Summary
Nanostructured materials, because of their important characteristics have been the focus of serious interest for the last decade world-wide. In this field most of the novel and remarkable properties appear when the particle size ranges exist below 100 nm [1, 2]. It is known that chemical synthesis routes can be provide precise composition, high chemical purity, uniform microstructures and without high formation temperature of the perovskite phase based on molecular scale mixing in the preparation of the precursor. The sol–gel method is a usually applied chemical route for preparation of homogeneous large area thin films and uniform powders in micrometer, sub-micrometer or nanometer scales [12, 13]
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